/*
pybind11/detail/class.h: Python C API implementation details for py::class_
Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/
#pragma once
#include "../attr.h"
NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03030000
# define PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
# define PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(obj, nameobj)
#else
// In pre-3.3 Python, we still set __qualname__ so that we can produce reliable function type
// signatures; in 3.3+ this macro expands to nothing:
# define PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(obj, nameobj) setattr((PyObject *) obj, "__qualname__", nameobj)
#endif
inline PyTypeObject *type_incref(PyTypeObject *type) {
Py_INCREF(type);
return type;
}
#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
/// `pybind11_static_property.__get__()`: Always pass the class instead of the instance.
extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_static_get(PyObject *self, PyObject * /*ob*/, PyObject *cls) {
return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_get(self, cls, cls);
}
/// `pybind11_static_property.__set__()`: Just like the above `__get__()`.
extern "C" inline int pybind11_static_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *value) {
PyObject *cls = PyType_Check(obj) ? obj : (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(obj);
return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_set(self, cls, value);
}
/** A `static_property` is the same as a `property` but the `__get__()` and `__set__()`
methods are modified to always use the object type instead of a concrete instance.
Return value: New reference. */
inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_static_property";
auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
/* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
auto heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
if (!heap_type)
pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): error allocating type!");
heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
#endif
auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
type->tp_name = name;
type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyProperty_Type);
type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
type->tp_descr_get = pybind11_static_get;
type->tp_descr_set = pybind11_static_set;
if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0)
pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
return type;
}
#else // PYPY
/** PyPy has some issues with the above C API, so we evaluate Python code instead.
This function will only be called once so performance isn't really a concern.
Return value: New reference. */
inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
auto d = dict();
PyObject *result = PyRun_String(R"(\
class pybind11_static_property(property):
def __get__(self, obj, cls):
return property.__get__(self, cls, cls)
def __set__(self, obj, value):
cls = obj if isinstance(obj, type) else type(obj)
property.__set__(self, cls, value)
)", Py_file_input, d.ptr(), d.ptr()
);
if (result == nullptr)
throw error_already_set();
Py_DECREF(result);
return (PyTypeObject *) d["pybind11_static_property"].cast<object>().release().ptr();
}
#endif // PYPY
/** Types with static properties need to handle `Type.static_prop = x` in a specific way.
By default, Python replaces the `static_property` itself, but for wrapped C++ types
we need to call `static_property.__set__()` in order to propagate the new value to
the underlying C++ data structure. */
extern "C" inline int pybind11_meta_setattro(PyObject* obj, PyObject* name, PyObject* value) {
// Use `_PyType_Lookup()` instead of `PyObject_GetAttr()` in order to get the raw
// descriptor (`property`) instead of calling `tp_descr_get` (`property.__get__()`).
PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
// The following assignment combinations are possible:
// 1. `Type.static_prop = value` --> descr_set: `Type.static_prop.__set__(value)`
// 2. `Type.static_prop = other_static_prop` --> setattro: replace existing `static_prop`
// 3. `Type.regular_attribute = value` --> setattro: regular attribute assignment
const auto static_prop = (PyObject *) get_internals().static_property_type;
const auto call_descr_set = descr && PyObject_IsInstance(descr, static_prop)
&& !PyObject_IsInstance(value, static_prop);
if (call_descr_set) {
// Call `static_property.__set__()` instead of replacing the `static_property`.
#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
return Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_set(descr, obj, value);
#else
if (PyObject *result = PyObject_CallMethod(descr, "__set__", "OO", obj, value)) {
Py_DECREF(result);
return 0;
} else {
return -1;
}
#endif
} else {
// Replace existing attribute.
return PyType_Type.tp_setattro(obj, name, value);
}
}
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
/**
* Python 3's PyInstanceMethod_Type hides itself via its tp_descr_get, which prevents aliasing
* methods via cls.attr("m2") = cls.attr("m1"): instead the tp_descr_get returns a plain function,
* when called on a class, or a PyMethod, when called on an instance. Override that behaviour here
* to do a special case bypass for PyInstanceMethod_Types.
*/
extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_meta_getattro(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name) {
PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
if (descr && PyInstanceMethod_Check(descr)) {
Py_INCREF(descr);
return descr;
}
else {
return PyType_Type.tp_getattro(obj, name);
}
}
#endif
/** This metaclass is assigned by default to all pybind11 types and is required in order
for static properties to function correctly. Users may override this using `py::metaclass`.
Return value: New reference. */
inline PyTypeObject* make_default_metaclass() {
constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_type";
auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
/* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
auto heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
if (!heap_type)
pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): error allocating metaclass!");
heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
#endif
auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
type->tp_name = name;
type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyType_Type);
type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
type->tp_setattro = pybind11_meta_setattro;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
type->tp_getattro = pybind11_meta_getattro;
#endif
if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0)
pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
return type;
}
/// For multiple inheritance types we need to recursively register/deregister base pointers for any
/// base classes with pointers that are difference from the instance value pointer so that we can
/// correctly recognize an offset base class pointer. This calls a function with any offset base ptrs.
inline void traverse_offset_bases(void *valueptr, const detail::type_info *tinfo, instance *self,
bool (*f)(void * /*parentptr*/, instance * /*self*/)) {
for (handle h : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(tinfo->type->tp_bases)) {
if (auto parent_tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) h.ptr())) {
for (auto &c : parent_tinfo->implicit_casts) {
if (c.first == tinfo->cpptype) {
auto *parentptr = c.second(valueptr);
if (parentptr != valueptr)
f(parentptr, self);
traverse_offset_bases(parentptr, parent_tinfo, self, f);
break;
}
}
}
}
}
inline bool register_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
get_internals().registered_instances.emplace(ptr, self);
return true; // unused, but gives the same signature as the deregister func
}
inline bool deregister_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
auto ®istered_instances = get_internals().registered_instances;
auto range = registered_instances.equal_range(ptr);
for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
if (Py_TYPE(self) == Py_TYPE(it->second)) {
registered_instances.erase(it);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
inline void register_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
register_instance_impl(valptr, self);
if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors)
traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, register_instance_impl);
}
inline bool deregister_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
bool ret = deregister_instance_impl(valptr, self);
if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors)
traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, deregister_instance_impl);
return ret;
}
/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It allocates the internal instance layout for
/// holding C++ objects and holders. Allocation is done lazily (the first time the instance is cast
/// to a reference or pointer), and initialization is done by an `__init__` function.
inline PyObject *make_new_instance(PyTypeObject *type) {
#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
// PyPy gets tp_basicsize wrong (issue 2482) under multiple inheritance when the first inherited
// object is a a plain Python type (i.e. not derived from an extension type). Fix it.
ssize_t instance_size = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
if (type->tp_basicsize < instance_size) {
type->tp_basicsize = instance_size;
}
#endif
PyObject *self = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
auto inst = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(self);
// Allocate the value/holder internals:
inst->allocate_layout();
inst->owned = true;
return self;
}
/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It only allocates space for the
/// C++ object, but doesn't call the constructor -- an `__init__` function must do that.
extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
return make_new_instance(type);
}
/// An `__init__` function constructs the C++ object. Users should provide at least one
/// of these using `py::init` or directly with `.def(__init__, ...)`. Otherwise, the
/// following default function will be used which simply throws an exception.
extern "C" inline int pybind11_object_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
std::string msg;
#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
msg += handle((PyObject *) type).attr("__module__").cast<std::string>() + ".";
#endif
msg += type->tp_name;
msg += ": No constructor defined!";
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
return -1;
}
inline void add_patient(PyObject *nurse, PyObject *patient) {
auto &internals = get_internals();
auto instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(nurse);
auto ¤t_patients = internals.patients[nurse];
instance->has_patients = true;
for (auto &p : current_patients)
if (p == patient)
return;
Py_INCREF(patient);
current_patients.push_back(patient);
}
inline void clear_patients(PyObject *self) {
auto instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
auto &internals = get_internals();
auto pos = internals.patients.find(self);
assert(pos != internals.patients.end());
// Clearing the patients can cause more Python code to run, which
// can invalidate the iterator. Extract the vector of patients
// from the unordered_map first.
auto patients = std::move(pos->second);
internals.patients.erase(pos);
instance->has_patients = false;
for (PyObject *&patient : patients)
Py_CLEAR(patient);
}
/// Clears all internal data from the instance and removes it from registered instances in
/// preparation for deallocation.
inline void clear_instance(PyObject *self) {
auto instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
// Deallocate any values/holders, if present:
for (auto &v_h : values_and_holders(instance)) {
if (v_h) {
// We have to deregister before we call dealloc because, for virtual MI types, we still
// need to be able to get the parent pointers.
if (v_h.instance_registered() && !deregister_instance(instance, v_h.value_ptr(), v_h.type))
pybind11_fail("pybind11_object_dealloc(): Tried to deallocate unregistered instance!");
if (instance->owned || v_h.holder_constructed())
v_h.type->dealloc(v_h);
}
}
// Deallocate the value/holder layout internals:
instance->deallocate_layout();
if (instance->weakrefs)
PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(self);
PyObject **dict_ptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
if (dict_ptr)
Py_CLEAR(*dict_ptr);
if (instance->has_patients)
clear_patients(self);
}
/// Instance destructor function for all pybind11 types. It calls `type_info.dealloc`
/// to destroy the C++ object itself, while the rest is Python bookkeeping.
extern "C" inline void pybind11_object_dealloc(PyObject *self) {
clear_instance(self);
auto type = Py_TYPE(self);
type->tp_free(self);
// `type->tp_dealloc != pybind11_object_dealloc` means that we're being called
// as part of a derived type's dealloc, in which case we're not allowed to decref
// the type here. For cross-module compatibility, we shouldn't compare directly
// with `pybind11_object_dealloc`, but with the common one stashed in internals.
auto pybind11_object_type = (PyTypeObject *) get_internals().instance_base;
if (type->tp_dealloc == pybind11_object_type->tp_dealloc)
Py_DECREF(type);
}
/** Create the type which can be used as a common base for all classes. This is
needed in order to satisfy Python's requirements for multiple inheritance.
Return value: New reference. */
inline PyObject *make_object_base_type(PyTypeObject *metaclass) {
constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_object";
auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
/* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
auto heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
if (!heap_type)
pybind11_fail("make_object_base_type(): error allocating type!");
heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
#endif
auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
type->tp_name = name;
type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyBaseObject_Type);
type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
type->tp_new = pybind11_object_new;
type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
type->tp_dealloc = pybind11_object_dealloc;
/* Support weak references (needed for the keep_alive feature) */
type->tp_weaklistoffset = offsetof(instance, weakrefs);
if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0)
pybind11_fail("PyType_Ready failed in make_object_base_type():" + error_string());
setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
assert(!PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
return (PyObject *) heap_type;
}
/// dynamic_attr: Support for `d = instance.__dict__`.
extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_get_dict(PyObject *self, void *) {
PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
if (!dict)
dict = PyDict_New();
Py_XINCREF(dict);
return dict;
}
/// dynamic_attr: Support for `instance.__dict__ = dict()`.
extern "C" inline int pybind11_set_dict(PyObject *self, PyObject *new_dict, void *) {
if (!PyDict_Check(new_dict)) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "__dict__ must be set to a dictionary, not a '%.200s'",
Py_TYPE(new_dict)->tp_name);
return -1;
}
PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
Py_INCREF(new_dict);
Py_CLEAR(dict);
dict = new_dict;
return 0;
}
/// dynamic_attr: Allow the garbage collector to traverse the internal instance `__dict__`.
extern "C" inline int pybind11_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg) {
PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
Py_VISIT(dict);
return 0;
}
/// dynamic_attr: Allow the GC to clear the dictionary.
extern "C" inline int pybind11_clear(PyObject *self) {
PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
Py_CLEAR(dict);
return 0;
}
/// Give instances of this type a `__dict__` and opt into garbage collection.
inline void enable_dynamic_attributes(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
pybind11_fail(std::string(type->tp_name) + ": dynamic attributes are "
"currently not supported in "
"conjunction with PyPy!");
#endif
type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC;
type->tp_dictoffset = type->tp_basicsize; // place dict at the end
type->tp_basicsize += (ssize_t)sizeof(PyObject *); // and allocate enough space for it
type->tp_traverse = pybind11_traverse;
type->tp_clear = pybind11_clear;
static PyGetSetDef getset[] = {
{const_cast<char*>("__dict__"), pybind11_get_dict, pybind11_set_dict, nullptr, nullptr},
{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr}
};
type->tp_getset = getset;
}
/// buffer_protocol: Fill in the view as specified by flags.
extern "C" inline int pybind11_getbuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags) {
// Look for a `get_buffer` implementation in this type's info or any bases (following MRO).
type_info *tinfo = nullptr;
for (auto type : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_mro)) {
tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) type.ptr());
if (tinfo && tinfo->get_buffer)
break;
}
if (view == nullptr || obj == nullptr || !tinfo || !tinfo->get_buffer) {
if (view)
view->obj = nullptr;
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_BufferError, "pybind11_getbuffer(): Internal error");
return -1;
}
std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
buffer_info *info = tinfo->get_buffer(obj, tinfo->get_buffer_data);
view->obj = obj;
view->ndim = 1;
view->internal = info;
view->buf = info->ptr;
view->itemsize = info->itemsize;
view->len = view->itemsize;
for (auto s : info->shape)
view->len *= s;
if ((flags & PyBUF_FORMAT) == PyBUF_FORMAT)
view->format = const_cast<char *>(info->format.c_str());
if ((flags & PyBUF_STRIDES) == PyBUF_STRIDES) {
view->ndim = (int) info->ndim;
view->strides = &info->strides[0];
view->shape = &info->shape[0];
}
Py_INCREF(view->obj);
return 0;
}
/// buffer_protocol: Release the resources of the buffer.
extern "C" inline void pybind11_releasebuffer(PyObject *, Py_buffer *view) {
delete (buffer_info *) view->internal;
}
/// Give this type a buffer interface.
inline void enable_buffer_protocol(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
heap_type->ht_type.tp_as_buffer = &heap_type->as_buffer;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
heap_type->ht_type.tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER;
#endif
heap_type->as_buffer.bf_getbuffer = pybind11_getbuffer;
heap_type->as_buffer.bf_releasebuffer = pybind11_releasebuffer;
}
/** Create a brand new Python type according to the `type_record` specification.
Return value: New reference. */
inline PyObject* make_new_python_type(const type_record &rec) {
auto name = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(rec.name));
auto qualname = name;
if (rec.scope && !PyModule_Check(rec.scope.ptr()) && hasattr(rec.scope, "__qualname__")) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
qualname = reinterpret_steal<object>(
PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", rec.scope.attr("__qualname__").ptr(), name.ptr()));
#else
qualname = str(rec.scope.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>() + "." + rec.name);
#endif
}
object module;
if (rec.scope) {
if (hasattr(rec.scope, "__module__"))
module = rec.scope.attr("__module__");
else if (hasattr(rec.scope, "__name__"))
module = rec.scope.attr("__name__");
}
auto full_name = c_str(
#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
module ? str(module).cast<std::string>() + "." + rec.name :
#endif
rec.name);
char *tp_doc = nullptr;
if (rec.doc && options::show_user_defined_docstrings()) {
/* Allocate memory for docstring (using PyObject_MALLOC, since
Python will free this later on) */
size_t size = strlen(rec.doc) + 1;
tp_doc = (char *) PyObject_MALLOC(size);
memcpy((void *) tp_doc, rec.doc, size);
}
auto &internals = get_internals();
auto bases = tuple(rec.bases);
auto base = (bases.size() == 0) ? internals.instance_base
: bases[0].ptr();
/* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
auto metaclass = rec.metaclass.ptr() ? (PyTypeObject *) rec.metaclass.ptr()
: internals.default_metaclass;
auto heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
if (!heap_type)
pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": Unable to create type object!");
heap_type->ht_name = name.release().ptr();
#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
heap_type->ht_qualname = qualname.inc_ref().ptr();
#endif
auto type = &heap_type->ht_type;
type->tp_name = full_name;
type->tp_doc = tp_doc;
type->tp_base = type_incref((PyTypeObject *)base);
type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
if (bases.size() > 0)
type->tp_bases = bases.release().ptr();
/* Don't inherit base __init__ */
type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
/* Supported protocols */
type->tp_as_number = &heap_type->as_number;
type->tp_as_sequence = &heap_type->as_sequence;
type->tp_as_mapping = &heap_type->as_mapping;
/* Flags */
type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES;
#endif
if (rec.dynamic_attr)
enable_dynamic_attributes(heap_type);
if (rec.buffer_protocol)
enable_buffer_protocol(heap_type);
if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0)
pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": PyType_Ready failed (" + error_string() + ")!");
assert(rec.dynamic_attr ? PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC)
: !PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
/* Register type with the parent scope */
if (rec.scope)
setattr(rec.scope, rec.name, (PyObject *) type);
else
Py_INCREF(type); // Keep it alive forever (reference leak)
if (module) // Needed by pydoc
setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", module);
PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, qualname);
return (PyObject *) type;
}
NAMESPACE_END(detail)
NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)